Plastic packaging currently dominate the food industry in Indonesia, shifting the use of metal and glass packaging. This is due to the excess of plastic packaging that is lightweight, flexible, multipurpose, strong, does not react, do not rust and are thermoplastic (heat seal), can be colored and the price is cheap. The weakness of the plastic due to the substance of the monomers and small molecules of plastic that may migrate into foodstuffs. Plastic objects we find in almost all areas, ranging from food wrappers, electronic equipment, automobiles, motorcycles, household appliances and so on.
Plastics are often distinguished by the resin, as between the plastic and resin unclear
difference. Naturally, the resin can be derived from plants such as balsam, resin, turpentine. But now resin synthesis can be produced for example cellophane, celluloid acrylic, formica, nylon, phenol formaldehyde resin, and so on.
Material Plastic makers in the beginning was the oil and natural gas as a source, but in the development of these materials are replaced with synthetic material so as to obtain the properties desired plastic by means copolymerization, and extrusion lamination.
Each type of plastic material and affect the manufacturing process and technology used in the manufacture of plastics. For example to make the parts electronics like mobile phone casing, gear on the printer, plastic cups, and the like objects used injection molding machine, to form a used press rubber shoe soles, while to make use bottle blow molding mold type. This time we will be in a familiar process of making plastic through injection technology and components that exist in the injection machine.
Discovery and manufacturing of plastics, was first reported by Dr.Montgomerie in 1843, namely the Malayan population by heating the rubber latex is then formed by hand and used as a handle of a knife. In 1845 J.Peluoze successfully synthesize nitric sululosa. The first mold plastic material, patented by JLBaldwin on 11 February 1862 which called the molds for making daguerreotype cases. The mold is then used widely for forming plastic materials that consist of a mixture of latex with various fillers, humectants and pemplastik.
Plastics manufacturing technology was developed in the 1800s. Then in 1868 John Wesley Hyatt making celluloid billiard ball by injecting into the mold. John and Isaiah Hyatt patented injection molding machine for the first time in 1872. Celluloid is used also for children's toys, clothes, paint and
varnish, as well as films for photos.
Injection molding is a thermoplastic material processing method which molten material for heating injected by the plunger into a mold which is cooled by water and then the material will be cool and harden so it can be removed from the mold.
Broadly speaking, the injection machine is divided into 3 parts:
1. Clamping Unit
Clamping unit serves to hold and organize the movement of the mold unit and ejector movement when removing objects from the molding unit. In the clamping unit is we can set how long the molding movement when opened and how long the ejector should move. There are two kinds of clamping units used in general, namely hydraulic toggle clamp and clamp.
2. Molding Unit
Molding unit is actually another piece of plastic injection machine. Molding unit is part of the shaping of objects made, Broadly speaking molding unit has two main parts: the cavity and core. Section is part of the mold cavity associated with a nozzle on the machine, while the core is the part relating to the ejector.
3. Injection Unit
Parts of the injection unit are:
a. Motor and transmission gear unit
This section serves to generate power used to rotate
screw on the barrel, while the transmission function to remove power from the motor to the screw. Besides transmission unit also serves to regulate power supplied to the load is not too large.
b. Cylinder screw ram
This section serves to facilitate the movement of the screw by using enersia moment while keeping the screw remains constant velocity so obtained generated a constant speed and pressure during the process of plastic injection is done.
c. Hopper
Hopper is a place to put the plastic material before entering the barrel. Usually to keep moisture plastic material used special storage area that can regulate humidity because if the water content is too big in the air, can cause injection results are not good.
d. Barrel
Barrel is a screw and a sheath that keeps the plastic flow when heated by the heater. In this section there is also a heater for heating the plastic before entering into the nozzle.
e. Screw
Reciprocating screw serves to drain the plastic from the hopper to the nozzle. When the screw rotates the material from the hopper would be interested in filling screw which further heated and then pushed toward the nozzle.
f. Non-return valve
This valve serves to maintain the flow of melted plastic so as not to come back when the screw stops rotating.
PROCESS OF BOTTLE (Blow Mold Technology)
The manufacturing process begins with the formation of a plastic material by way of blowing a fluid (air) into a mold to form a shape that is desired. Generally used for the formation of a hollow with a wall thickness difference.
Blow Mold method can be divided into three ways, namely:
1. Injection Blow Mold
The process of formation of plastic products by means of injected plastic prior to going to be on the blow. Consists of components Injection and Blow. Generally used for containers with a relatively small size and that there is absolutely no handle. Often also used for containers which are formed by a screw on the bottle neck.
Process Stages:
a. In a state of melting plastic is injected into kaviti in the form going.
b. Plastic moved to mold blowing.
c. The air breathed so that the plastic expands and attaches appropriate mold shape.
d. Mold opening for product release.
2. Extrusion Blow Mold
The process of formation of a plastic material by way dripped from the extruder. The simplest method of blow mold consists of extruder and blow. Can be used for containers of varying shape, size, opening the bottle neck, as well as the formation of the handle. The type of plastic used is HDPE, PVC, PC, PP, and PETG.
Process Stages:
a. Plastic removed from the extruder into the blow mold with directional holes.
b. Closed mold.
c. Steering fluid drain holes (air) into the melting plastic in a state so pressing to mold.
d. Open mold for product release.
3. Stretch Blow Mold
Plastic forming process in this way stretch (stretch) until the desired size is achieved by considering the thickness of the plastic feeder. Very good for the type of PET plastic. Consists of components Injection, Stretcher and Blow.
Process Stages:
a. In a state of melting plastic is injected into kaviti in the form going.
b. Plastics in stretching (stretched) suitable dimensions required.
c. The air breathed so that the plastic expands and attaches appropriate mold shape.
d. Mold opening for product release.
Simply put bottles are generally made of materials such as plastic and glass. The process of making a bottle of the two materials is almost the same. The molten material then blown into a mold according to the desired shape. The following details the manufacturing process of the glass bottle:
1. The materials to make the bottle, such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, silica sand, and other chemicals in the input into the furnace (furnace).
2. In the furnace burning these materials in melting temperature of up to 1400 degrees Celsius.
3. The results of this fused (gob) in feed into the mold.
4. In this mold is fused in blow with the wind pressure so that the liquid glass sticks to the mold to form the desired bottle (see picture).
5. Once the bottle off of the mold and then in doing reheating (heat treatment) to eliminate stress and strain when forming the bottle. This treatment is given so that the maximum strength of the bottle.
This is the basic way of making the bottle. In the factory all the system runs automatically and can produce thousands of bottles in every hour.
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